丙烯酸酯类共聚物生产过程中职业病危害因素调查

通过对丙烯酸酯类共聚物生产过程中职业病危害因素进行调查,找出了职业病危害的关键控制点,并提出了防护要求。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by surface fluorination in degradation of organic cationic compound

Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of TiO2 surface fluorination on the photodegradation of a representative organic cationic compound, Methylene Blue （MB）. The eleetropositive MB shows poor adsorption on TiO2 surface; its degradation performs a HO. radical-mediated mechanism. In the F-modified system, the kinetic reaction rate enlarged more than 2.5 fold that was attributed mainly to the accumulating adsorption of MB and the increased photogenerated hole available on the F-modified TiO2 surface.     

利用纳米零价铁进行印染废水脱色实验研究

以纳米铁粉为脱色剂,以甲基橙水溶液为目标污染物,研究了纳米铁粉对甲基橙水溶液的脱色影响.结果表明染料初始浓度一定时,加入一定铁粉,脱色率随脱色时间的增加而增大,到一定时间后脱色率不再有大的变化;酸洗铁粉对甲基橙水溶液的脱色效果更好;将酸洗铁粉进行水洗,脱色率随水洗次数的增加而减少;摇床转速越高,脱色效果越好.     

Hydrothermal fabrication and visible-light-driven photocatalytic properties of bismuth vanadate with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures for Methyl Orange degradation

Monoclinic BiVO₄ with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures were fabricated using the hydrothermal strategy. The materials were characterized by means of the XRD, Raman, TGA/DSC, SEM, XPS, and UV-Vis techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the BiVO₄ materials were evaluated for the degradation of Methyl Orange under visible-light irradiation. It is observed that pH value and surfactant exerted a great effect on the morphology and pore structure of the BiVO₄ product. Spherical BiVO₄ with porous structures, flower-cluster-like BiVO₄, and flower-bundle-like BiVO₄ were generated hydrothermally at 100℃ with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and urea (pH = 2) and at 160℃ with NaHCO₃ (pH = 7 and 8), respectively. The PVP-derived BiVO₄ showed much higher surface areas (5.0-8.4 m²/g) and narrower bandgap energies (2.45-2.49 eV). The best photocatalytic performance of the spherical BiVO₄ material with a surface area of 8.4 m²/g was associated with its higher surface area, narrower bandgap energy, higher surface oxygen vacancy density, and unique porous architecture.     

Synthesis of biodiesel from chicken’s skin waste by homogeneous transesterification

ABSTRACT

Poultry skin waste is considered to be a promising source of biodiesel. However, this source presents an environmental threat as it is being discharged into landfills without any treatment. We studied the feasibility of biodiesel production from poultry skin waste. Two-step extraction of lipids from chicken’s skin was developed and gave 97.5% yield using the optimum time and temperature. Esterification was then optimised to remove free fatty acids (FFA) where the ideal parameters were 65 °C during 30min with a molar ratio of methanol to oil of (1:3) and 1% of H₂SO₄. The third step was the transesterification which was performed using 60 °C and 300–600 rpm agitation for 1 h, with 1% basic catalyst and 1:3 (molar ratio) of methanol to oil. The biodiesel (FAME), was characterised using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by chemical and physical analyses such as iodine number, acid number, flash point and cetane number. The total conversion was obtained using above conditions and most of the studied proprieties of produced biodiesel meet the EN14214 standard. This is an extremely encouraging result, offering a good source of biodiesel by valuing poultry skin waste.     

生物滴滤塔同步降解多组分挥发性有机物的实验研究

采用定向驯化活性污泥接种生物滴滤塔(BTF)同时处理甲苯、甲醇、丙烯酸乙酯挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)混合废气,考察BTF的长期稳定运行性能及微生物平均代谢活性.结果表明,混合气进口浓度低于910mg/m3时,BTF对VOCs混合废气总去除率可维持在80%以上,BTF可高效同步净化中低浓度VOCs混合废气;当进气负荷>120g/(m3·h)时,去除负荷趋于稳定,为100g/(m3·h)左右;CO2的生成量与混合废气的去除负荷的比值为1.731,表明BTF对此3种混合废气有较高程度的矿化;BTF对甲苯、甲醇、丙烯酸乙酯的降解行为符合Michaelis-Menten动力学模型,单位体积最大降解速率rmax分别是为90.9,50.5,58.5 g/(m3·h).平均吸光度(AWCD)值分析结果表明塔内微生物具有较高的代谢活性.     

Decolorization of synthetic Methyl Orange wastewater by electrocoagulation with periodic reversal of electrodes and optimization by RSM

Treatment of Methyl Orange (MO), an azo dye, synthetic wastewater by electrocoagulation with periodic reversal of the electrodes (PREC) was examined. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the influence of experimental conditions for color removal (CR), energy consumption (ENC), electrode consumption (ELC) and sludge production (SP) per kg MO removed (kg(MO_r)) with optimal conditions being found to be pH 7.4, solution conductivity (к) 9.4 mS cm⁻¹, cell voltage (U) 4.4 V, current density (j) 185 mA cm⁻², electrocoagulation time (T) 14 min, cycle of periodic reversal of electrodes (t) 15 s, inter-electrode distance (d) 3.5 cm and initial MO concentration of 125 mg L⁻¹. Under these conditions, 97 ± 2% color was removed and ENC, ELC and SP were 44 ± 3 kWh kg(MO_r)⁻¹, 4.1 ± 0.2 kg(Al) kg(MO_r)⁻¹ and 17.2 ± 0.9 kg(sludge) kg(MO_r)⁻¹, respectively. With the enhanced electrochemical efficiency resulting from the periodic electrode reversal, the coefficients of increased resistance and decreased current density between the two electrodes in the PREC setup were 2.48 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm⁻² min⁻¹ and 0.29 mA cm⁻² min⁻¹, respectively, as compared to 7.72 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm⁻² min⁻¹ and 0.79 mA cm⁻² min⁻¹ as measured for the traditional electrocoagulation process. The rate constant of decolorization was also enhanced by 20.4% from 0.152 min⁻¹ in the traditional electrocoagulation process to 0.183 min⁻¹ in the PREC process. These performance characteristics indicate that the PREC approach may be more promising in terms of practical application, as a cost-effective treatment, than conventional electrocoagulation for textile dye removals.     

高浓度有机废水脱除燃煤烟气NOx的试验研究

为研发经济、高效的有机废物与烟气NO_x协同控制技术,分别采用丙烯酸钠、工业酒精和萘磺酸钠高浓度有机废水替代氨水、尿素等常用脱硝剂,在热态燃煤试验炉上,研究了T(烟气温度)、φ(O₂)、停留时间和废水与烟气混合方式等参数对烟气脱硝的影响. 结果表明:在烟气温度为1 190 K时,丙烯酸钠、酒精和萘磺酸钠高浓度有机废水的脱硝效率分别为12.7%、14.2%和9.1%;烟气温度为1 360 K时,三者的脱硝效率分别达到37.6%、39.8%和35.9%;烟气温度高于 1360 K后,脱硝效率下降. φ(O₂)从4.1%增至5.2%时,脱硝效率降低了约21.5%、13.1%和15.7%;而φ(O₂)升至6.8%时,脱硝效率降至11.2%~13.6%. 丙烯酸钠废水喷射入温度分别为1 185和1 303 K的烟气时,逆向喷入比正向喷入的脱硝效率分别提高30.4%和19.3%;停留时间从0.67 s升至0.82 s时,3类废水脱硝效率分别提高16.0%、18.8%和16.6%.      

甲基绿光度法测定电镀废水中的洗涤剂

指出了亚甲蓝光度法测定洗涤剂的不足,提出改用甲基绿光度法测定,该方法快速简便,易于操作,相对标准差<5%,加标回收率在93%～104%之间。     

甲基红分光光度法测定水中余氯

提出了以甲基红褪色光度法测定水中的余氯。在酸性介质中,余氯使甲基红褪色,最大吸收波长524nm,摩尔吸光系数=1.25×104L/mol·cm。余氯质量浓度在0 0mg/L～1mg/L范围内遵守比耳定律。对甲基红混合溶液的加入量以及样品溶液褪色后其吸光值的稳定性等作了条件试验,并与DPD分光光度法进行了对比测定,两种方法测定结果基本一致。